CVE-2025-49706: Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability

Overview

Severity

Medium (CVSS 6.5)

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Category

Spoofing

Exploit Status

Not Exploited

Exploitation Likelihood

Less Likely

Patch Tuesday

2025-Jul

Released

2025-07-08

Last Updated

2025-07-31

EPSS Score

71.57% (percentile: 98.7%)

CISA KEV

Listed — due 2025-07-23

Description

Improper authentication in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

FAQ

According to the CVSS metrics, successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to major loss of confidentiality (C:H), and some loss of integrity (I:L), but no loss of availability (A:N). What does that mean for this vulnerability? An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could view sensitive information, a token in this scenario (Confidentiality), and make some changes to disclosed information (Integrity), but they would not be able to affect Availability. I am running SharePoint Server 2016. Do the updates for SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016 also apply to the version I am running? Yes. The same KB number applies to both SharePoint Server 2016 and SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016. Customers running either version should install the security update to be protected from this vulnerability.

Known Exploits (1)

• Microsoft SharePoint Improper Authentication Vulnerability — added 2025-07-20T13:55:28Z

Detection & Weaponization (3 sources)

Maturity: Exploit

• Metasploit modules: Microsoft SharePoint Server ToolPane Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (aka ToolShell)
• Nuclei templates: Microsoft SharePoint Server - Authentication Bypass
• GitHub PoC: 1 repositories

Affected Products (3)

Microsoft Office

• Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016
• Microsoft SharePoint Server 2019
• Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition

Security Updates (3)

• 5002744
• 5002741
• 5002751

Acknowledgments

Viettel Cyber Security with Trend Zero Day Initiative

Revision History

• 2025-07-08: Information published.
• 2025-07-21: Updated one or more CVSS scores for the affected products. This is an informational change only.
• 2025-07-22: Updated one or more CVSS scores for the affected products. This is an informational change only.
• 2025-07-24: Corrected the Download and Article links in the Security Updates table. This is an informational change only.
• 2025-07-31: Added an FAQ to explain that the security update KB for SharePoint Server 2016 applies to both Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 and Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016. This is an informational change only.