CVE-2025-49683: Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Overview

Severity
High (CVSS 7.8)
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
Category
Denial of Service
Exploit Status
Not Exploited
Exploitation Likelihood
Unlikely
Patch Tuesday
2025-Jul
Released
2025-07-08
EPSS Score
1.06% (percentile: 77.7%)

Description

Integer overflow or wraparound in Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

FAQ

According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L) while user interaction is required (UI:R). What does that mean for this vulnerability? An attacker can trick a local user on a vulnerable system into mounting a specially crafted VHD that would then trigger the vulnerability. Why could an attacker achieve remote code execution on affected versions of Window Server 2008, but only cause denial of service on systems running Window Server 2008 R2 or newer versions of Windows? In Windows 7 and newer, an existing mechanism prevents an attacker from achieving remote code execution. They could only use this vulnerability to cause denial of service.

Affected Products (37)

Windows

  • Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows Server 2019
  • Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows Server 2022
  • Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems
  • Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)
  • Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems
  • Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows Server 2025
  • Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems
  • Windows 10 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows Server 2016
  • Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)

ESU

  • Windows 11 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems
  • Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems
  • Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems
  • Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2
  • Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2
  • Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1
  • Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows Server 2012
  • Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)
  • Windows Server 2012 R2
  • Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)

Security Updates (14)

Acknowledgments

<a href="https://x.com/kaligulasec">Cherie-Anne Lee (@KaligulaSec)</a> with <a href="https://starlabs.sg/">STAR Labs SG Pte. Ltd.</a>

Revision History

  • 2025-07-08: Information published.