CVE-2025-21183: Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Deduplication Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Overview

Severity

High (CVSS 7.4)

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

Category

Elevation of Privilege

Exploit Status

Not Exploited

Exploitation Likelihood

Less Likely

Patch Tuesday

2025-Feb

Released

2025-02-11

EPSS Score

0.14% (percentile: 33.9%)

FAQ

According to the CVSS metric, the attack complexity is high (AC:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability? Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to win a race condition. What privileges could be gained by an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability? An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain SYSTEM privileges.

Affected Products (4)

Windows

• Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)
• Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems
• Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems
• Windows Server 2025

Security Updates (1)

• 5051987

Acknowledgments

<a href="https://linkedin.com/in/jongseongkim">Jongseong Kim (nevul37)</a> with <a href="https://enki.co.kr/">Ajou University, and working at ENKI WhiteHat</a>, <a href="https://linkedin.com/in/kdj-abysslab">Dongjun Kim (smlijun)</a> with <a href="https://www.enki.co.kr/">Ajou University, and working at ENKI WhiteHat</a>

Revision History

• 2025-02-11: Information published.